PRL导读-2019年122卷12期
序
言
普通物理：统计与量子物理
一维热玻色气体中的全计数统计与大偏差
Full Counting Statistics and Large Deviations in a Thermal 1D Bose Gas
M. Arzamasovs and D. Gangardt
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120401 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120401
自发对称破缺稳定光子猫态阵列
Stabilizing Arrays of Photonic Cat States via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
José Lebreuilly, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120402 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120402
功率限制下通过电子自旋进行的核自旋
量子控制与传感
Quantum Control and Sensing of Nuclear Spins by Electron Spins under Power Limitations
Nati Aharon, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120403 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120403
基于实际测量装置的
普适N体d级纯态纠缠目击
Entanglement witnesses are operators that are crucial for confirming the generation of specific quantum systems, such as multipartite and high-dimensional states. For this reason, many witnesses have been theoretically derived which commonly focus on establishing tight bounds and exhibit mathematical compactness as well as symmetry properties similar to that of the quantum state. However, for increasingly complex quantum systems, established witnesses have lacked experimental achievability, as it has become progressively more challenging to design the corresponding experiments. Here, we present a universal approach to derive entanglement witnesses that are capable of detecting the presence of any targeted complex pure quantum systemand that can be customized towards experimental restrictions or accessible measurementsettings. Using this technique, we derive experimentally optimized witnesses that are able to detect multipartite d-level cluster states, and that requireonly two measurement settings. We present explicit examples for customizing the witness operators given different realistic experimental restrictions,including witnesses for high-dimensional entanglement that use only two-dimensional projection measurements. Our work enables us to confirm the presence of probed quantum states using methods that are compatible with practical experimental realizations in different quantum platforms.
Universal N-Partite d-Level Pure-State Entanglement Witness Based on Realistic Measurement Settings
Stefania Sciara, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120501 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120501
陈绝缘体的标度不变性连续纠缠重整化
Scale-Invariant Continuous Entanglement Renormalization of a Chern Insulator
Su-Kuan Chu, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120502 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120502
具有唯一多体最大纠缠态的纠缠资源理论
Entanglement theory is formulated as a quantum resource theory in which the free operations are local operations and classical communication (LOCC). This defines a partial order among bipartite pure states that makes it possible to identify a maximally entangled state, which turns out to be the most relevant state in applications. However, the situation changes drastically in the multipartite regime. Not only do there exist in equivalent forms of entanglement forbidding the existence of a unique maximally entangled state, but recentresults have shown that LOCC induces a trivial ordering: almost all pure entangled multipartite states are incomparable (i.e., LOCC transformations among them are almost never possible). In order to cope with this problem weconsider alternative resource theories in which we relax the class of LOCC to operations that do not create entanglement. We consider two possible theories depending on whether resources correspond to multipartite entangled or genuinely multipartite entangled (GME) states and we show that they are both nontrivial: no inequivalent forms of entanglement exist in them and they inducea meaningful partial order (i.e., every pure state is transformable to more weakly entangled pure states). Moreover, we prove that the resource theory of GME that we formulate here has a unique maximally entangled state, the generalized GHZ state, which can be transformed to any other state by the allowed free operations.
Resource Theory of Entanglement with a Unique Multipartite Maximally Entangled State
Patricia Contreras-Tejada, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120503 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120503
实验上具量子通信复杂性
指数型优势的量子开关
Experimental Quantum Switching for Exponentially Superior Quantum Communication Complexity
Kejin Wei, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120504 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120504
以随机关联矩表征多体纠缠
Characterizing Multipartite Entanglement with Moments of Random Correlations
Andreas Ketterer, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120505 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120505
统计推断的最大熵原理：
非香农熵的情形
Maximum Entropy Principle in Statistical Inference: Case for Non-Shannonian Entropies
Petr Jizba and Jan Korbel
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 120601 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.120601
引力与天体物理
正电子和511 keV辐射
可作为近期双中子星的合并的标记物
Positrons and 511 keV Radiation as Tracers of Recent Binary Neutron Star Mergers
George M. Fuller, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121101 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121101
原始能谱中暴胀替代物的独特指纹
Unique Fingerprints of Alternatives to Inflation in the Primordial Power Spectrum
Xingang Chen, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121301 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/c/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121301
基本粒子与场论
4维简单超共形场论的地形
Landscape of Simple Superconformal Field Theories in 4D
Kazunobu Maruyoshi et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121601 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121601
两圈5粒子振幅的解析结果
Analytic Result for a Two-Loop Five-Particle Amplitude
D. Chicherin et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121602 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121602
N=4超杨-米尔斯理论的两圈5点振幅
Two-Loop Five-Point Amplitudein N = 4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory
Samuel Abreu et. al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121603 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121603
测量D+s → η' e+νe衰变的动力学
实验测量了分支比BD+s→ηe+νe=(2.323±0.063stat±0.063syst)%和 BD+s→η′e+νe=(0.824±0.073stat±0.027syst)%，从而确认η?η‘的混合角为?P= (40.1 ± 2. 1 stat ± 0. 7 syst ) °。
Measurement of the Dynamics of the Decays D+s → η' e+νe
M. Ablikim et al.
(BESIII Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121801 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121801
ABRACADABRA-10厘米实验的
首个结果：搜寻亚-μeV轴子暗物质
ABRACADABRA-10厘米发布了1个月的搜索轴子暗物质结果。实验没有发现暗物质，并在95%置信度对质量区域为3.1 × 10? 10 –8.3 × 10? 9eV的轴子-光子耦合设置了上限。该上限与宇宙学的限制相当。
First Results from ABRACADABRA-10cm: A Search for Sub- μ eV Axion Dark Matter
Jonathan L. Ouellet, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121802 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121802
在√ s= 13 TeV质子质子对撞中
综合搜索希格斯粒子对的产生
文章 道了在质子质子对撞中，通过各个衰变道，对希格斯粒子对的产生进行搜索，并对希格斯对产生截面设置了上限。
Combination of Searches for Higgs Boson Pair Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at √ s = 13 TeV
A. M. Sirunyan et al.
(CMS Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 121803 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.121803
反对称夸克张量的核子矩阵元
Nucleon Matrix Elements of the Antisymmetric Quark Tensor
Martin Hoferichter et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122001 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.122001
原子核物理
夸克-胶子等离子体中的
预定标和远离平衡态流体动力学
预定标是一种远离平衡的现象，它描述了一种普适定标分布形式的确定远先于其定标指数达到普适数值的情况。Aleksas Mazeliauskas和 Jürgen Berges 研究了在能量足够高的重离子碰撞中产生的夸克-胶子等离子体系统的时空演变，通过求解同时包含弹性和非弹散射过程的QCD 动力学理论，展示了胶子和夸克分布非常快速地采取了一种自相似的定标形式，该形式与初始条件细节以及系统参数无关。随后，预定标机制的动力学效应被完全编码在少数几个时间依赖的定标指数中，它们的缓慢演化导致了远离平衡态的流体动力学行为。（肖杨）
Prescaling and Far-from-Equilibrium Hydrodynamics in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
A. Mazeliauskas and J. Berges
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122301 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.122301
用QCD动力学理论匹配重离子
碰撞的非平衡初始阶段和流体动力学
高能核碰撞会产生一种非平衡的夸克-胶子离子体，该夸克-胶子等离子体会热化并表现出流体动力学流的性质。目前还没有实用的框架能够将经典场模拟中的早期粒子的产生与随后的流体动力学演化联系起来。利用在QCD 动力学理论中计算的非平衡态格林函数，Kurkela等人建立了一个将初始能量-动量张量传播到流体动力学态的理论框架。他们证明这种方法可以很容易地结合到现有的流体动力学模拟中，从而导致对早期能量密度和QCD介质的传输特性的更强约束。基于格林函数的（共形）定标特性，他们进一步获得了流体动力学在核碰撞中的适用性的实用界限。（肖杨）
Matching the Nonequilibrium Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions to Hydrodynamics with QCD Kinetic Theory
Aleksi Kurkela et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122302 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.122302
晕核11Li的镜像核——
非束缚11O的首次观测
T. B. Webb等人实现了对双中子晕核113Li8的镜像核，极丰质子核118O3结构的首次实验研究。他们利用13O束流的双中子敲出反应产生了11O，随后观测到了其放射出两个质子的衰变产物 (2p+9C)，并构建了它们的不变质量谱。在该不变质量谱中，有一个宽度约为3.4MeV的峰。利用Gamow 耦合道方法，他们发现该峰是一个多重态，其贡献源于11O的最低的四个共振态，其 Jπ分别为 3/2-1，3/2-2，5/2+1，5/2+2。这些态的宽度与组态展示出对p-9C势场深度很强的非单调依赖。这种异常行为是由10N的一个宽阈值共振态的出现引起的，类似于由库伦相互作用导致的10Li的虚态。利用实验数据优化模型后，他们发现11O和11Li基态之间的同位旋不对称性比较温和。（肖杨）
First Observation of Unbound 11O, the Mirror of the Halo Nucleus11Li
T. B. Webb et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122501 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.122501
类夸克偶素物质与中子星
Larry McLerran 和Sanjay Reddy指出类夸克偶素 (quarkyonic) 物质能自然地解释中子星的各种观测性质。他们认为这种物质可能存在于接近核物质饱和密度处，并且在形成阶段，其中的压力和声速迅速增加。在夸克颜色数目Nc很大的极限下，该转变（从核物质到类夸克偶素物质）表现为压力随着重子数密度改变的不连续变化。通过构建一个类夸克偶素的简单模型，他们指出声速一般是密度的非单调函数-它在相对较低的密度下达到最大值，接着减小，然后再次增加到其渐近值（1/√3）。（肖杨）
Quarkyonic Matter and Neutron Stars
Larry McLerran and Sanjay Reddy
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 122701 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.122701
原子、分子与光学
利用相干散射对悬浮纳米粒子
进行腔基三维冷却
Cavity-Based 3D Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Coherent Scattering
Dominik Windey, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123601 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123601
利用相干散射法研究
悬浮纳米粒子的腔体冷却
Cavity Cooling of a Levitated Nanosphere by Coherent Scattering
Uro? Deli?, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123602 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123602
具有径向周期势的二维自旋轨道耦合
玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的
稳定多环和旋转孤子
We consider two-dimension alspin-orbit-coupled atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a radially periodic potential. The system supports different types of stable self-sustained states including radially symmetric vorticity-carrying modes with different topological charges in two spinor components that may have multiring profilesand at the same time remain remarkably stable for repulsive interactions. Solitons of the second type show persistent rotation with constant angular frequency. They can be stable for both repulsive and attractive interatomic interactions. Because of the inequivalence between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions introduced by spin-orbit coupling, the properties of such solitons strongly differ for positive and negative rotation frequencies. The collision of solitons located in the same or different ringsis accompanied by a change of the rotation frequency that depends on the phase difference between colliding solitons.
Stable Multiring and Rotating Solitons in Two-Dimensional Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates with a Radially Periodic Potential
Y. Kartashov and D. Zezyulin
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123201（2019）
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123201
利用单光束在极阱中
连续加载超冷基态85Rb2分子
We have developed an approach to continuously load ultracold 85Rb2vibrational ground-state molecules into a crossed optical dipole trap from a magneto-optical trap. The technique relies on a single high-power light beam with a broad spectrum superimposed onto a narrow peak at an energy of about 9400 cm?1. This single laser source performs all the required steps: the short-range photoassociation creating ground-state molecules after radiative emission, the cooling of the molecular vibrational population down to the lowest vibrational level νX=0, and the optical trapping of these molecules. Furthermore, we probe by depletion spectroscopy and determine that 75% of the νX=0 ground-state molecules are in the three lowest rotational levels JX=0, 1, 2. The lifetime of the ultracold molecules in the optical dipole trap is limited to about 70 ms by off-resonant light scattering. The proposed technique opens perspectives for the formation of new molecular species in the ultracold domain, which are not yet accessible by well-established approaches.
Continuous Loading of Ultracold Ground-State 85Rb2 Molecules in a Dipole Trap Using a Single Light Beam
Henry Fernandes Passagem, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123401 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123401
基于弱值形式的亚波长结构的
多参数同步测量
Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Parameters of a Subwavelength Structure Based on the Weak Value Formalism
Anthony Vella, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123603 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123603
多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型：
Fock空间和量子滤波器中的任意旋转
The multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated and applications in quantum information science are explored. Considering the strong atom-field coupling regime and an N-photon interaction, a nonlinear driving field can perform an arbitrary rotation in the Fock space of a bosonic mode involving the vacuum and an M-Fock state, with M<N. Inaddition, driving a bosonic mode with a linear coherent field (superposition of many Fock states), only the cavity states within the Fock subspace {|0?,|1?,…,|N?1?} can be populated; i.e., we show how to implement a Fock state filter, or quantum scissor, that restricts the dynamics of a given bosonic mode to a limited Hilbert space. Such a device can be employed as agenerator of finite-dimensional quantum-optical states and also as aquantum-optical intensity limiter, allowing as a special case the generation of single-photon pulses. On the other hand, our system also provides a very rich physics in the weak atom-field coupling regime, in particular, multiphoton electromagnetically induced transparency like phenomena, inducing a narrow (controllable) reflectivity window for nonlinear probe fields. These results are useful for applications in quantum information processing and also motivate further investigations, e.g., the use of an N-photon Jaynes-Cummings system asa qudit with harmonic spectrum and the exploration of multiphoton quantum interference.
Multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings Model: Arbitrary Rotations in Fock Space and Quantum Filters
C. Villas-Boas and D. Rossatto
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123604 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123604
对确定性纠缠态制备中
局部洛伦兹不变性的改进检验
The high degree of control available over individual atoms enables precision tests of fundamental physical concepts. In this Letter, we experimentally study how precision measurements can be improvedby preparing entangled states immune to the dominant source of decoherence. Using 40Ca+ions, we explicitly demonstrate the advantage from entanglement on a precision test of local Lorentz invariance for the electron. Reaching the quantum projection noise limit set by quantum mechanics, we observe, for bipartite entangled states, the expected gain of a factor of two in the precision. Under specific conditions, multipartite entangled states may yield substantial further improvements. Our measurements improve theprevious best limit for local Lorentz invariance of the electron using40Ca+ionsby a factor of two to four to about 5×10?19.
Improved Test of Local Lorentz Invariance from a Deterministic Preparation of Entangled States
Eli Megidish, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123605 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123605
利用光谱定制的紫外线频梳对9Be+离子进行多功能控制We demonstrate quantum control of 9Be+ions directly implemented by an optical frequency comb. Based on numerical simulations of the relevant processes in9Be+ for different magnetic field regimes, we demonstrate a wide applicability when controlling the comb’s spectral properties. We introduce a novel technique for the selective and efficient generation of a spectrally tailored narrow-bandwidth optical frequency comb near 313 nm. We experimentally demonstrate internal state control and internal-motional state coupling of9Be+ions implemented by stimulated-Raman manipulation using a spectrally optimized optical frequency comb. Our pulsed laser approach is a key enabling step for the implementation of quantum logic and quantum information experiments in Penning traps.
Versatile Control of 9Be+Ions Using a Spectrally Tailored UV Frequency Comb
A.-G. Paschke, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123606 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123606
窄带超纠缠光子的直接生成Direct Generation of Narrow-band Hyperentangled Photons
Tian-Ming Zhao, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123607 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123607
薄膜腔的X射线L-边跃迁的光谱控制
Spectral Control of an X-Ray L-Edge Transition via a Thin-Film Cavity
Johann Haber, et al.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123608 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123608
非线性动力学和流体力学
结构泵浦量子模式识别
Structured-Pump-Enabled Quantum Pattern Recognition
Xiaodong Qiu, et al
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123901 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123901
多模光纤中无序介导的波凝结剧烈加速
Classical nonlinear waves exhibit a phenomenon of condensation that results from the natural irreversible process of thermalization, in analogy with the quantum Bose-Einstein condensation. Wave condensation originates in the divergence of the thermodynamic equilibrium Rayleigh-Jeans distribution, whichis responsible for the macroscopic population of the fundamental mode of the system. However, achieving complete thermalization and condensation of incoherent waves through nonlinear optical propagation is known to require prohibitive large interaction lengths. Here, we derive a discrete kinetic equation describing the nonequilibrium evolution of the random wave in the presence of a structural disorder of the medium. Our theory reveals that a weak disorder accelerates the rate of thermalization and condensation by several order of magnitudes. Such a counterintuitive dramatic acceleration of condensation can provide a natural explanation for the recently discovered phenomenon of optical beam selfcleaning. Our experiments in multimode optical fibers report the observation of the transition from an incoherent thermal distribution to wave condensation, with a condensate fraction of up to 60% in the fundamental mode of the waveguide trapping potential. (郑皓天)
Dramatic Acceleration of Wave Condensation Mediated by Disorder in Multimode Fibers
Adrien Fusaro, et al
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 123902 (2019)
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.123902
用于选择性滤波弹性超材料刚性的
时域周期调制：理论与实验
具有时间调制刚性的弹性波导拥有频域周期色散谱，其中不同分支在调制频率半整数倍处合并，跨越一个有限波数范围。在此范围内，频率变成复数，其实部保持不变。与这些平带相关联群速度的消失导致在非调制和时间调制介质界面处频率的选择性反射，将宽带输入转换为以调制频率一半为中心的窄带输出。这种行为表现在横向运动的弹性波导中，其通过由开关电路控制的负电容分流压电贴片阵列实现调制。切换时间规定了调制频率并允许选择性输出频率。该发现适用于研究时空调制弹性超材料的许多性质，例如非互易性和单向传播，并且有助于在压电基板上操作的声波器件新功能的实现。(郑皓天)
Time-Periodic Stiffness Modulation in Elastic Metamaterials for Selective Wave Filtering: Theory and Experiment
Giuseppe Trainiti, et al
Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 124301 (2019）
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.124301
线性势中波包的幅度和相位
We theoretically study and successfully observe the evolution of Gaussian and Airy surface gravity water wave packets propagating in an effective linear potential. This potential results from a homogeneous and time-dependent flow created by a computer-controlled water pump.
